Cellular functions such as pathogenesis, differentiation, migration and regeneration are performed by the specific translated proteins. Investigating the coding sequences of genetics and their interceptions and translational mechanisms have been subject of molecular biologists for decades to understand how cells behave in regeneration and developmental process. It had been known that non-coding genomics is the junk genomic part of cell and contributes no special functions in cellular mechanisms and were known as genomics black holes. Discovery of non-coding RNAs such as miRNAs, snRNAs, snoRNAs and lncRNAs has opened a new debate over the exploration of genomics black holes.  LncRNAs have been described as the most important regulators of cellular genomics and central player of all cellular functions as well as disease pathology. They are well described in controlling the DNA/RNA degradation process, RNA stability, orchestration, inhibition, transcription, histone modification, etc in genomics as well as differentiation or stem cell maintenance etc. Due to their critical function in diverse molecular mechanisms and fundamental biological processes, methodologies have been developed to investigate lncRNAs expression and their role in genomic regulations, cellular differentiation or disease pathology. In this review, we have discussed the role of lncRNAs as key players of genomic regulations, controlling cellular behavior and disease pathology. We also reviewed the experimental and computational approaches to investigate the lncRNAs which will help the researchers to choose appropriate approaches to study lncRNAs. It has also been concluded here that lncRNAs are very important and key players of cellular mechanisms, but this assumptions need a need a wet-lab validation to name them master regulators of cellular mechanisms.

Published by Journal of Genes and Cells on July 06, 2020

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